Embedded Files
Shutdown
Shutdown
sudo systemctl halt
sudo systemctl poweroff
Restart
Restart
sudo reboot
sudo systemctl reboot
Runlevel / Target
Runlevel / Target
"Runlevels" are an obsolete way to start and stop groups of services used in SysV init. systemd provides a compatibility layer that maps runlevels to targets, and associated binaries like runlevel. Nevertheless, only one runlevel can be "active" at a given time, while systemd can activate multiple targets concurrently, so the mapping to runlevels is confusing and only approximate. Runlevels should not be used in new code, and are mostly useful as a shorthand way to refer the matching systemd targets in kernel boot parameters.
(From the runlevel man page)Runlevel0123456
Targetpoweroff.targetrescue.targetmulti-user.targetmulti-user.targetmulti-user.targetgraphical.targetreboot.target
runlevel
chkconfig --list
N 5
systemctl list-unit-files --type=target
systemctl list-units --type=target
UNIT FILE STATE anaconda.target static basic.target static bluetooth.target static boot-complete.target static cryptsetup-pre.target static cryptsetup.target static ctrl-alt-del.target enabled default.target indirectemergency.target static exit.target disabledfinal.target static getty-pre.target static getty.target static graphical.target indirecthalt.target disabledhibernate.target static hybrid-sleep.target static initrd-fs.target static initrd-root-device.target static initrd-root-fs.target static initrd-switch-root.target static initrd.target static iprutils.target disabledkexec.target disabledlocal-fs-pre.target static local-fs.target static multi-user.target static network-online.target static network-pre.target static network.target static nfs-client.target enabled nss-lookup.target static nss-user-lookup.target static nvmf-connect.target static paths.target static poweroff.target disabledprinter.target static reboot.target enabled remote-cryptsetup.target enabled remote-fs-pre.target static lines 1-41
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION basic.target loaded active active Basic System cryptsetup.target loaded active active Local Encrypted Volumes getty.target loaded active active Login Prompts graphical.target loaded active active Graphical Interface local-fs-pre.target loaded active active Local File Systems (Pre) local-fs.target loaded active active Local File Systems multi-user.target loaded active active Multi-User System network-online.target loaded active active Network is Online network-pre.target loaded active active Network (Pre) network.target loaded active active Network nfs-client.target loaded active active NFS client services nss-user-lookup.target loaded active active User and Group Name Lookupspaths.target loaded active active Paths remote-cryptsetup.target loaded active active Remote Encrypted Volumes remote-fs-pre.target loaded active active Remote File Systems (Pre) remote-fs.target loaded active active Remote File Systems rpc_pipefs.target loaded active active rpc_pipefs.target rpcbind.target loaded active active RPC Port Mapper slices.target loaded active active Slices sockets.target loaded active active Sockets sound.target loaded active active Sound Card sshd-keygen.target loaded active active sshd-keygen.target swap.target loaded active active Swap sysinit.target loaded active active System Initialization timers.target loaded active active Timers
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
25 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
25 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
Check
Check
systemctl get-default
graphical.target
Change
Change
To set the default at boot...
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
Rescue (single-user)
Rescue (single-user)
sudo systemctl rescue
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Bibliography
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