Networks
OSI Model
Layer 1: Physical Layer
Ethernet, FDDI, B8ZS, V.35, V.24, RJ45.
Layer 2: Data Link Layer
PPP, FDDI, ATM, IEEE 802.5/ 802.2, IEEE 802.3/802.2, HDLC, Frame Relay.
Layer 3: Network Layer
AppleTalk DDP, IP, IPX, IPSec, ICMP
IP (Internet Protocol)
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
ICMP is an integral component of IP. Common usages include tools like traceroute and ping.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocolhttps://www.iana.org/assignments/icmp-parameters/icmp-parameters.xhtmlhttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc792
ICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol_for_IPv6
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Generally faster transfer than TCP over IP but more prone to errors. Hence suited to applications where datagram (packet) loss is less important e.g video streaming.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol
Layer 5: Session Layer
NFS, NetBios names, RPC, SQL.
RPC (Remote Procedure Call Service)
RPC is a generic service used to implement client/server internetworking functionality. It extends the notion of a program calling a local procedure on a particular host computer, to the calling of a procedure on a remote device across a network. The layer 5 aspect of NFS is implemented using RPC.
Layer 6: Presentation Layer
encryption, ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF, PICT, JPEG, MPEG, MIDI, XDR
XDR (External Data Representation)
XDR's universal representations allow data to be exchanged using NFS between computers that may use very different internal methods of storing data.
Layer 7: Application Layer
NFS (Procedures and Operations), SNMP, Telnet, HTTP, FTP
NFS (Network File System)
NFS is a set of procedures that specify particular tasks to be carried out on files over the network, using XDR to represent data and RPC to carry the commands across an internetwork.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Web Browsers
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
TCP/IP Model
Network Interface Layer
The TCP/IP Model merges Level 1 and 2 of the OSI Model into the Network Interface layer.
Internet Layer
OSI Level 3 is synonymous with the TCP/IP Internet layer.
Transport Layer
OSI Level 4 is synonymous with the TCP/IP Transport layer.
Application Layer
The TCP/IP Model merges Level 5, 6 and 7 of the OSI Model into the Application layer.
Glossary
ADSL
B2B - Business to Business
CIDR - Classless Inter-Domain Routing
DOCSIS
ISP - Internet Service Provider
RTT - Round Trip Time
Subnet
VPN - Virtual Private Network
VNet - Virtual Network (each VNet must have at least one subnet)
Propagation Delay
Serialization Delay
Queuing Delay
Switching Delay
Shaping
Policing
Leaky bucket algorithm
Token bucket algorithm
Training
Bibliography
Latencyhttps://www.megaport.com/network-latency/Â