OEL Base Config for Oracle DB

Databases

Oracle

Oracle DB Lifecycle

Oracle Install

All steps on this page should be performed as 'root' unless otherwise indicated.

This has been tested on Oracle Linux 8 and Oracle Database 19c (Apr-2025)

OpenSSH

ssh

Packages & Config

12.1.0.2

Check:

yum list oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

Install:

yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall -y

GCC

12.2.0.1

Check:

yum list oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall

Install:

yum install oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall -y

18.1

Linux is assumed to be Oracle Enterprise Linux 7

As root:

yum install oracle-database-preinstall-18c.x86_64 –y

To check if it is already installed use:

yum list oracle-database-preinstall-18c.x86_64

19c

dnf

rpm

Linux is assumed to be Oracle Enterprise Linux 7, 8 or 9 or RHEL 7, 8 or 9.

You can only download this script if you have an active ULN subscription.

As root:

dnf install oracle-database-preinstall-19c

To check if it is already installed use:

dnf list oracle-database-preinstall-19c

If you cannot use the preinstall rpm. The list of required packages is...

rpm -q bcrpm -q binutilsrpm -q compat-openssl10rpm -q elfutils-libelfrpm -q elfutils-libelf-develrpm -q fontconfigrpm -q glibcrpm -q glibc-develrpm -q kshrpm -q libaiorpm -q libaio-develrpm -q libXrenderrpm -q libX11rpm -q libXaurpm -q libXirpm -q libXtstrpm -q libgccrpm -q libnslrpm -q librdmacmrpm -q libstdc++rpm -q libstdc++-develrpm -q libxcbrpm -q libibverbsrpm -q libasanrpm -q liblsanrpm -q makerpm -q policycoreutilsrpm -q policycoreutils-python-utilsrpm -q smartmontoolsrpm -q sysstatrpm -q gccrpm -q libgfortranrpm -q nfs-utils

TIP: Paste the above into a temporary file and run (as shown below) to report only missing packages...sh /tmp/tmp.sh | grep not

To install, if necessary...

dnf install bcdnf install binutilsdnf install compat-openssl10dnf install elfutils-libelfdnf install elfutils-libelf-develdnf install fontconfigdnf install glibcdnf install glibc-develdnf install kshdnf install libaiodnf install libaio-develdnf install libXrenderdnf install libX11dnf install libXaudnf install libXidnf install libXtstdnf install libgccdnf install libnsldnf install librdmacmdnf install libstdc++dnf install libstdc++-develdnf install libxcbdnf install libibverbsdnf install libasandnf install liblsandnf install makednf install policycoreutilsdnf install policycoreutils-python-utilsdnf install smartmontoolsdnf install sysstatdnf install gccdnf install libgfortrandnf install nfs-utils

GCC is not required for 12.2 and later, but you will get a warning from runInstaller if it's not there.

ksh

sysstat

GCC

nfs-utils

Clock Source

Oracle recommeds using tsc as the clock source.

Check

cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource

cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/available_clocksource

UNIX CPU Diagnostics

lscpu | grep "tsc"

Set

echo tsc > /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource

cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never clocksource=tsc"

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

Limits

Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

Transparent Huge Pages

Check Transparent Huge Pages

Check (Red Hat Kernel):

cat /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled

Check (Oracle Kernel):

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

NOTE: If Transparent HugePages is removed from the kernel, then neither /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage nor /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage files exist.

Output as shown below indicates that transparent hugepages are disabled

always madvise [never]

Output as shown below indicates that transparent hugepages is being used and is set to madvise...

always [madvise] never

Disable Transparent Huge Pages

You SHOULD DISABLE Transparent Huge Pages BEFORE installing Oracle Database where the kernel is NOT UEK7 or above

Update the /etc/default/grub file to include "transparent_hugepage=never"...

GRUB_TIMEOUT=5

GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved

GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true

GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"

GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

Set Transparent HugePages to madvise

UEK7 and later

Update the /etc/default/grub file to include "transparent_hugepage=madvise"...

GRUB_TIMEOUT=5

GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved

GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true

GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=madvise"

GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

Oracle Linux 8

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

Oracle Linux 9

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg --update-bls-cmdline

Huge Pages

Configure Huge Pages

Check if the kernal supports HugePages...

grep Huge /proc/meminfo

AnonHugePages: 0 kBShmemHugePages: 0 kBFileHugePages: 0 kBHugePages_Total: 0HugePages_Free: 0HugePages_Rsvd: 0HugePages_Surp: 0Hugepagesize: 2048 kBHugetlb: 0 kB

This output is fine for 19c+ as the actual configuration of the Huge Pages is controlled within the database configuration. For earlier versions of Oracle database refer to the Oracle documentation.

Edit the memlock settings in /etc/security/limits.conf.
Set the maximum locked memory to 90% of physical RAM in KB.

* soft memlock 60397977

* hard memlock 60397977

64GB (67,108,864KB) - 60,397,977KB (90%)32GB (33,554,432KB) - 30,198,988KB (90%)16GB (16,777,216KB) - 15,099,494KB (90%) 8GB ( 8,388,608KB) - 7,549,747KB (90%)

Calculator.net (% Calc)

Kernel Parameters

Create configuration file...

vi /etc/sysctl.d/97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

shmmax should by 0.5 * Physical RAM in bytes

Apply...

/sbin/sysctl --system

* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/01-unprivileged-bpf.conf ...kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled = 1* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/10-default-yama-scope.conf ...kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-coredump.conf ...kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-coredump %P %u %g %s %t %c %h %ekernel.core_pipe_limit = 16* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf ...kernel.sysrq = 16kernel.core_uses_pid = 1kernel.kptr_restrict = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries = 1net.core.default_qdisc = fq_codelfs.protected_hardlinks = 1fs.protected_symlinks = 1* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-libkcapi-optmem_max.conf ...net.core.optmem_max = 81920* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf ...kernel.pid_max = 4194304* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf ...fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 4294967295kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf ...* Applying /etc/sysctl.conf ...

Check...

/sbin/sysctl -a

Users & Groups

UNIX Users

Check

getent passwd

getent group

Add

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328 asmoper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba oracle

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54331 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba grid

You should change the passwords to known values:

passwd oracle

passwd grid

Oracle Inventory

If this is a fresh install on an empty server, the Oracle Inventory should not exist.

Runlevel

To run the installer, runlevel must be 3 or 5...

runlevel

Bibliography

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E51773_01/doc.12105/e51150/dbinstall.htm#g1012099
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/ladbi/disabling-transparent-hugepages.htmlhttps://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/ladbi/disabling-transparent-hugepages.html
https://blog.pythian.com/rhel-vs-oel-back-cold-war/https://oracle-base.com/articles/linux/configuring-huge-pages-for-oracle-on-linux-64
https://support.oracle.comMaximum SHMMAX values for Linux x86 and x86-64 (Doc ID 567506.1)

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